Python is a general-purpose programming language. We can use python for so many applications and including web applications. Framework is a collection of modules or packages, which helps in writing a web application or helps in developing a web application. We don't have to worry about low-level details such as protocols, socket, and thread management when working with a framework.

The framework makes the developer’s life smarter and easier by giving a structure for application development. They automate the implementation of common solutions, which gives flexibility to developers to focus only on app logic instead of routine. They provide a common backend fast reliable and scalable easily maintainable web applications.

Frameworks provide the functionality to perform the following operations for developing web applications.

• URL Routing
• Input form handling and validation
• Output Formats with Templating Engine HTML, XML, JSON
• Data Connection, manipulating using ORM mappers
• Web security
• Session Storage and retrieval

URL Routing

Mechanism of URL mapping is staying at the same web page when you click on some other link.

Input Form handling and Validation

The data entered into a form needs to be in the right format, and certain fields are mandatory for effective use of form.

Output Formats with Templating Engine

Allows developers to design the content of their own type.

Data Connection, manipulating using OMR

• Persistent data manipulation
• Object-relational mapper - It is a code library that automates the transfer of data into a relational database table into objects that are most commonly used in an application

Web Security

Web security against the cross site required forgery also known as a CSRF SQL injection cross site scripting and other common malicious attacks.

Session Storage

They are only few operations we can perform using python frameworks.

Advantages of Python Frameworks:

• Open source - no need of spending money
• Good documentation - learn any functionality & key features
• Security - secured against malicious attacks
• Integrations and efficiency

Disadvantages

Open source code is going to be public, library and framework we have different rules and regulations.

Why Python frameworks?

• Easier Implementation
• Maintenance
• Code Re usability
• Readability

Top Python Frameworks

Django

Many people who try to build a web application in python will opt for Django framework so that they can build a complex code in less time with best quality. Django change it’s functionality comparatively according to the trends in the web development. Few key features of Django are:

• Open source
• Full stack framework
• Authentication
• URL routing
• Template engine
• DRY ( don’t repeat yourself)
• ORM Mappers
• Database schema migrations, common databases like PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and Oracle under the third-party drivers
• Follow MVC architecture.

Pyramid

Pyramid is a part of Pylon project; it is one of the most flexible frameworks in Python language. This framework allows the developer to choose anything - DBMS, URL structure, template styles and much more.

• Flexible and adaptable
• Simple structure and easy to learn
• Transparency and Measured quality
• Security Management
• Flexible tools for authentication and authorization script
• Template languages and engines including Jinja2 and Mako
• Traversal framework for mapping URLs to code
• HTTP caching
• Built-in support for session storage
• Create traditional routes-oriented RDBMS applications

Web2Py

Web2Py is an open source and free of cost. It allows a debugger and code editor for editing the code and debugging the code accompanied with a deployment tool. It enables developers to develop, revise, deploy and manage web applications via web browsers.

• Open source
• Full stack framework
• Own web-based
• Code editor, debugger, one-click deployment
• Error tracking and ticketing system(Ticketing Framework)
• Follows MVC architecture
• Data security
• Role-based access control
• Backward compatibility
• No need for instillation
• No multiple protocols

Flask

The main motive for introducing flask is to build a strong web application. Flask is being used by all big companies as it fast and secure.

• A micro framework
• Lightweight - has a modular design which makes it easy for developer needs
• It includes a number of the box features
• Built-in development server
• Fast debugger
• Restful request dispatching
• Supports Jinja2 templating
• Modern-day templating language made after Django template language
• Unicode-based - secured cookie support that is client-side sessions
• WSGI Compliance - web server gateway interface
• Unicode - ability to plug in any ORM
• HTTP request handling

Bottle

It is popularly known as small-scale micro-frame works. It mainly focuses on Web API and it tries to bundle everything in a single document. It has no dependencies apart from the python standard library.

• Micro framework
• A single source file originally was meant for building APIs, which means everything in a single source file
• URL Routing
• Templating engine
• Utilities
• Abstraction over WSGI standard
• Prototyping, building simple personal applications
• Perfect for prototyping, learning the organization of web frameworks and building simple personal applications

CherryPy

CherryPy is a popular framework that embeds its very own multi-strung server. CherryPy includes a pooled web server, set up framework and module framework.

• Open source minimalist approach
• Object-oriented with a minimalist approach
• HTTP WSGI compliant thread pooled web server
• Running multiple HTTP servers at once
• Powerful configuration
• Flexible plug-in system
• Tools for caching, encoding, sessions, authentication and static content
• Built-in support for profiling, coverage, and testing
• Ability to run on different platforms

There are many python frameworks evolving every year with new features and functionality despite their pros and cons. Developers use many frameworks depending on their task because every developer has different style of coding and preferences.

By far, the most popular framework according to the trends is Django because the count of enterprises using Django is pretty high. Django's features and characteristics are similar to the business requirements of many industries which might be the reason behind its popularity.

Pyramid is flexible to use for small to enterprise level companies. The only conflict in Pyramid is that it has many options, which creates a havoc before starting the project. Flask is commonly used by developer’s because it is mostly commonly used for small industries with jet speed. The suitable framework will always suit your business needs. You have to consider the main agenda of your application, budget, time and then decide the framework type to start your application.

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